Comparing spatio-temporal networks of intermittent avalanche events: Experiment, model, and empirical data
Dionessa C. Biton, Anjali B. Tarun, Rene C. Batac
Chaos and Solitons and Fractals
130
0960-0779
2020
abstract
Relaxational processes in many complex systems often occur in the form of avalanches resulting frominternal cascades from across the system scale. Here, we probe the space, time, and magnitude signa- tures of avalanching behavior using a network of temporally-directed links subject to a spatial distance criterion between events in the entire catalog. We apply this method onto three systems with avalanche- like characteristics: (i) highly controllable scaled experiments, particularly that of a slowly-driven pile of granular material in a quasi-two-dimensional setup with open edges; (ii) the sandpile, a numerical model of nearest-neighbor interactions in a grid; and (iii) substantially complete empirical data on earthquakes from southern California. Apart from the recovery of the fat-tailed statistics of event sizes, we recover similar power-laws in the spatial and temporal aspects of the networks of these representative systems hinting at possible common underlying generative mechanisms governing them. By consolidating the re- sults from experiments, numerical models, and empirical data, we can gain a better understanding of these highly nonlinear processes in nature.